Which set lists central vertigo etiologies?

• A. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, posterior circulation stroke, cerebellar tumor/MS
• B. Baroreceptor involvement
• C. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, posterior circulation stroke, cerebellar tumor/MS
• D. Menière disease

Answer: (C)

Central vertigo comes from problems in the brainstem or cerebellum that disrupt the central vestibular pathways. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency and posterior circulation stroke directly affect those brain regions, leading to vertigo often accompanied by other neurological signs. A cerebellar tumor can press on the cerebellum and impair balance and coordination, producing vertigo as well. Multiple sclerosis can cause demyelinating plaques in brainstem or cerebellar circuits, resulting in central vertigo symptoms too.

This set matches central vertigo because it includes conditions that damage the central vestibular system itself, rather than structures of the inner ear. In contrast, baroreceptor involvement isn’t about the vestibular pathways, and Menière disease is a peripheral vestibular disorder of the inner ear, typically with hearing loss, not central brain involvement.