Which of the following sets correctly lists common peripheral vertigo etiologies?

• A. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency; posterior circulation stroke; cerebellar tumor/MS
• B. BPPV, vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis, Menière disease
• C. Barbecue Roll; Dix-Hallpike; Romberg
• D. VOR; VSR; VTI

Answer: (B)

The concept here is identifying the common peripheral vertigo etiologies—those that originate in the inner ear or the vestibular nerve. The best set lists BPPV, vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis, and Ménière disease. Each of these is a classic example of peripheral vertigo: BPPV comes from displaced otoconia in the semicircular canals, causing brief spinning with head changes; vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis results from viral inflammation of the vestibular nerve or labyrinth, producing sudden vertigo often with nausea; Ménière disease involves episodic vertigo with fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus due to endolymphatic hydrops.

The other options don’t fit the idea of peripheral vertigo etiologies. One option groups central conditions like vertebrobasilar insufficiency, posterior circulation stroke, or cerebellar tumors/MS, which are central causes rather than peripheral. Another option lists maneuvers or tests (Barbecue Roll, Dix-Hallpike, Romberg) rather than disease etiologies. The remaining option names reflexes or pathways (VOR, VSR, VTI), which are not etiologies of vertigo.

So, the set that includes BPPV, vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis, and Ménière disease correctly identifies common peripheral vertigo etiologies.