Tullio phenomenon refers to vertigo or nystagmus elicited by which stimulus?

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Multiple Choice

Tullio phenomenon refers to vertigo or nystagmus elicited by which stimulus?

Explanation:
Sound, especially a loud tone or bone-conducted noise, can provoke vertigo or nystagmus through the Tullio phenomenon. This occurs when acoustic energy is transmitted to the vestibular organs due to an abnormal inner-ear condition, such as a dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal, which creates a new window for endolymph movement. The sound-induced deflection of the vestibular hair cells elicits a vestibulo-ocular response, producing vertigo and nystagmus. This is distinct from vertigo caused by pressure changes, visual motion, or temperature changes, which involve different mechanisms and tests.

Sound, especially a loud tone or bone-conducted noise, can provoke vertigo or nystagmus through the Tullio phenomenon. This occurs when acoustic energy is transmitted to the vestibular organs due to an abnormal inner-ear condition, such as a dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal, which creates a new window for endolymph movement. The sound-induced deflection of the vestibular hair cells elicits a vestibulo-ocular response, producing vertigo and nystagmus. This is distinct from vertigo caused by pressure changes, visual motion, or temperature changes, which involve different mechanisms and tests.

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